Consequently, new different materials have been realized with different surfaces and mechanical behaviors. In the last few years, computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) has been introduced in the dentistry world and has improved the accuracy of prostheses, comfort for patients, and operative time. Surface roughness, translucency, resistance to wear, and mechanical properties are the main investigated characteristics of the ceramic surface. Ceramic is the most used material for esthetic restorations in fixed prosthodontics. With growing awareness of esthetic rehabilitation, many patients require metal-free solutions. Correct knowledge of the composition of the dental material and toothpastes is fundamental to avoid an increase of surface roughness on prosthetic rehabilitation. Conclusions: The surface roughness of most resin-contained CAD/CAM materials was affected by artificial toothbrushing. The possible reason is attributable to the compositions of the resin-contained CAD/CAM materials. Although all the articles examined used different toothpastes with no homogeneous relative dentine abrasivity (RDA) and cycles of brushing, the findings are about the same. Discussion: Four of five selected articles identified an increase of surface roughness on resin-contained CAD/CAM materials after toothbrushing. The Cohen’s Kappa agreement test showed an index of 0.91 for full-text. Only six articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Fifty-five articles were selected for the full-text evaluation after the steps of reading of abstract/title and remotion of duplicate. Results: A total of 249 articles were found in the search during initial screening. The research was conducted in Scopus, PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Embase, and Science Direct using a combination of the following MeSH/Emtree terms: “brushing”, “resin-based”, “dental”, “CAD/CAM”, and “surface roughness”. Methods: Systematic literature search for articles published in peer-reviewed journals between January 2000 and February 2020 has been conducted, which evaluated the effect of brushing on surface roughness of resin-contained CAD/CAM dental materials. Background: The purpose of this review is to describe the possible effect of toothbrushing on surface roughness of resin-contained CAD/CAM materials.
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